A person with a facial contusion has bruised the soft tissues of the face. A contusion is a collection of blood beneath the skin, caused by an injury to the blood vessels.Face Contusion is bruising of skin and underlying tissues of the face caused by a direct blow. Contusions cause bleeding from ruptured small capillaries that allow blood to infiltrate muscles, tendons or other soft tissue. The face is particularly vulnerable to contusion because skin is so close to hard, underlying bone.

This injury refers to bruising of the soft tissues [other than bone] of the face. Contusions often cause the familiar “black and blue area,” which is caused by bleeding beneath the skin. One of the most commonly recognized facial contusions is the “black eye” . Common symptoms of facial contusions include pain and swelling at the site of the injury. Contusions around the eye  often cause the eye to close due to swelling. In this instance, the eye may require antibiotic drops to prevent infection. Any associated neck pain should make the patient
suspicious of neck fracture.

Evaluation will include x-rays of the face to the possibility of facial fracture. Examination of the eyes, ears, jaw, teeth, and facial bones will be performed by the physician. Any malfunction of jaw movement, hearing, or vision must be evaluated promptly. Unusual swelling, deformity, or asymmetry to the facial contour can indicate facial fracture. The finding of crepitation or of a spongy texture of the skin can indicate fracture to a sinus cavity. Double vision, due to the inability to move the eyes evenly in all directions, also indicates a more serious injury.Treatment of a facial contusion is with cold compresses and analgesics such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen. Aspirin should be avoided as it tends to promote bleeding. Initial discoloration will be “black and blue” turning to a green-yellow, as healing occurs over 1 to 2 weeks. Contusions around the eyes often result in discoloration . This is of no added concern. The development of “black eyes” after a head injury should make one suspect the possibility of a skull fracture.

Places where Face Contusion occurs

Face tissues, including blood vessels, muscles, tendons, nerves, covering to bone (periosteum) and connective tissue.

Causes, Signs and Symptoms of Face Contusion

Direct blow to the skin, usually from a blunt object.

• Local swelling at the contusion site. The swelling may be round or egg-shaped and superficial or deep.
• Pain and tenderness over the injury.
• Feeling of firmness when pressure is exerted on the injured area.
• Discoloration under the skin, beginning with redness and progressing to the characteristic “black and blue” bruise.

Complications in Face Contusion

Excessive bleeding. Infiltrative-type bleeding can (rarely) lead to calcification and impaired function, and facial disfiguration. Prolonged healing time if usual activities are resumed too soon. Infection if skin over the contusion is broken.

Treatment, Medication and Care for Face Contusion

For first aid, use instructions for R.I.C.E., the first letters of REST, ICE, COMPRESSION and ELEVATION.

For minor discomfort, you may use: Acetaminophen or ibuprofen. Topical liniments and ointments. Your doctor may prescribe stronger medicine for pain.

• Use an ice pack 3 or 4 times a day. Wrap ice chips or cubes in a plastic bag, and wrap the bag in a moist towel. Place it over the injured area for 20 minutes at a time.
• After 72 hours, apply heat instead of ice if it feels better. Use heat lamps, hot soaks, hot showers, heating pads, or heat liniments and ointments.
• Massage gently and often to provide comfort and decrease swelling.

Dietary Cure for Face Contusion

During recovery, eat a well-balanced diet that includes extra protein, such as meat, fish, poultry, cheese, milk and eggs. Your doctor may prescribe vitamin and mineral supplements to promote healing.

Causes of Contusion without any prevalence information

The following causes of Contusion are ones for which we do not have any prevalence information.

• Abuse
• Brain contusions
• Compartment syndrome
• DOMS
• Erythema multiforme
• Fractures
• Henoch Schloein purpura
• Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
• Internal organ injuries
• Intra- abdominal injuries
• Intracerebral hemorrhage
• Mongolian spots
• Muscle ramps
• Muscle rupture
• Phytophotodermatitis
• Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation
• Sports related injuries
• Stress fracture
• Subarachnoid hemorrhage
• Subdural hematoma

What Are Microorganisms?

Microorganisms (Latin micro = small) are living beings so small (< 40 µm or 0.04 mm) that they are not visible by the naked eye. Microorganisms related to human health include certain bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites.

Synonyms: microbes, germs, bugs.

Types of Microorganisms

Microorganisms can be, according to their characteristics, divided into several groups:

• bacteria, viruses, certain fungi and parasites
• pathogenic (capable of causing disease), non-pathogenic, and opportunistic (causing disease when they have an opportunity, like in people with low immune system)
• acellular (without cell, like viruses), unicellular (bacteria, yeasts and certain parasites), or multi-cellular (molds)

1. Bacteria

Bacteria are unicellular organisms, about few microns in size (1 micron (µm) = 1/1,000 of a millimetre), consisting of DNA, cytoplasm, structures needed for metabolism and reproduction, cell membrane, cell wall and capsule (Picture 1). Certain bacteria use flagella, tail-like appendages, to propel themselves.

Bacteria can be divided into several groups::

• Spheres or cocci (like Staphylococcus aureus), rods or bacilli (like Lactobacillus acidophilus), spirals or spirochetes (like Treponema pallidum); bacterial shape can help in their recognizing under the microscope
• Aerobic bacteria, like Mycobacterium tuberculosis, need oxygen to thrive, while  anaerobic, like Clostsridium difficile, do not. Facultative anaerobic bacteria, like Pseudomonas aureginosa, can live in aerobic and anaerobic environment.
• Gram positive (G+) bacteria, like Streptococcus, and Gram negative (G-) bacteria, like Klebsiella 
• Pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria

Certain bacteria can form endospores, a kind of encapsulated bunkers within a bacteria that enable vital parts of bacteria to survive in harsh conditions, like freezing or boiling water, dessication, lack of nutrients, etc. Some bacteria can survive weeks, and some millions of years in this form.

In the human body, bacteria usually cause localized infections, like pneumonia or skin infections. Read more about symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of bacterial infections. Bacterial infections can be diagnosed by growing a bacterial culture from a sample of infected body fluid (e.g. urine, blood), stool, discharge (e.g. sputum) or tissue (e.g. mucosal layer of the stomach). Most of bacterial infections can be successfully treated by anti-bacterial drugs – antibiotics

Examples of bacteria pathogenic for a human are:

• Staphylococcus aureus, causing skin infections, pneumonia, infection of the heart valves, etc.
• Streptococcus pyogenes, causing “strep throat”, cellulitis, etc.
• Neisseria gonorrheae, causing gonorrhea
• Salmonella, causing diarrhea in food poisoning
• Helicobacter pylori, causing chronic gastritis
• Mycoplasma, causing atypical pneumonia
• List of bacteria, pathogenic for human

Examples of non-pathogenic bacteria:

• Staphylococcus epidermidis, a part of normal skin flora
• Lactobacillus acidophilus, a part of normal intestinal flora

Examples of opportunistic bacteria:

• Certain intestinal bacteria, like Escherichia coli and Enterobacter live in the human intestine without causing any symptoms, but in a person with lowered immune system they may overgrow and cause a bowel infection.

2. Viruses

Viruses are simple microorganisms, containing only DNA or RNA molecule and capsule. They can not survive outside the host for long periods, so they are mainly transmitted by blood-to-blood or stool-to-mouth route. In the human body, they have to invade the cells to multiply (Picture 4). 

Viruses usually cause systemic infections, affecting the whole body. Examples of viruses, pathogenic for a human:

• Rhinovirus, causing common cold
• Influenzavirus, causing flu, bird flu, swine flu
• Herpes simplex virus causing herpes labialis (cold sore) or herpes genitalis
• HIV, causing AIDS
• Ebolavirus, causing hemorrhagic fever
• List of viruses pathogenic for a human

Viruses can be diagnosed by finding specific antibodies in the sample of blood (serologic tests). Vaccination against several virus infections is possible; only few viral infections can be treated by anti-viral medications, though. Read more about viral infections.

3. Fungi

Fungi are widely present in the environment and also on the human skin, gut and vagina. Read more about fungi.

4. Parasites

Read about human intestinal parasites.

Beneficial Microorganisms

Microorganisms, like certain bacteria and yeasts, living on the human skin or in the nose, mouth, throat, small and large intestine and vagina, are part of the normal human flora; they prevent overgrowth of harmful microorganisms. Some of these microbes, when overgrow, may become pathogenic, though.

Harmful or Pathogenic Microorganisms

Pathogenic means capable of causing disease. An actual harmful effect of a microbe to the body depends on:

• microbial virulence - a relative ability of a microbe to cause a disease; for example, a certain, higly virulent subtype of influenza virus may cause a bird flu, which is deadly in a high percent, while “usual” influenza virus is not.
• invasion through the body’s barriers; staph bacteria might not cause any harm to a person with an intact skin, but can cause a severe infection of a skin wound.
• amount of microbes; eating few bites of food contaminated with staph bacteria may go unnoticed, while eating the whole portion of the same food may cause a severe food poisoning.
• body’s defense (immune) system; patients with a weak immune system, like those receiving corticosteroids, often get oral thrush (candida infection of the mouth), while otherwise healthy people do not.

Allergy can be described as a malfunction of the human immune system causing a violent reaction against normally harmless substances in our natural environment. In this context, such substances are generally referred to as “allergens”. The reaction creates an inflammation which, in turn, can lead to a variety of symptoms such as hay fever, eczema, asthma and other conditions popularly referred to as allergies.

Air Conditioning and Allergies
To help alleviate problems with pollen, molds and dust mites, air condition your house and car and, if possible, add an air cleaner to your central air conditioner.

Anaphylactic Shock
Anaphylactic shock, the most severe allergic reaction, is most commonly associated with bee or fire ant stings. If welts (hives) erupt following a sting, this is a warning flag to seek prompt medical attention.

Attic Fans
Don’t use your attic fan during allergy season. The fan sucks pollen into the house.

Artificial nuts can be peanuts that have been deflavored and reflavored with a nut, such as pecan or walnut. Mandelonas are peanuts soaked in almond flavoring.

Arachis oil is peanut oil.

It is advised that peanut-allergic patients avoid chocolate candies unless they are absolutely certain there is no risk of cross-contact during manufacturing procedures.

African, Chinese, Indonesian, Mexican, Thai, and Vietnamese dishes often contain peanuts, or are contaminated with peanuts during preparation of these types of meals. Additionally, foods sold in bakeries and ice cream shops are often in contact with peanuts. It is recommended that peanut-allergic individuals avoid these types of foods and restaurants.

Many brands of sunflower seeds are produced on equipment shared with peanuts.

“After you’ve eaten the peanut and you have an allergic reaction, you still have peanut in your stomach,” explained Dr. Donald Leung, editor of the journal. “And so rather than allow further peanut to be absorbed and have an even more severe reaction … drinking the charcoal will prevent the further triggering of increased symptoms.”

Leung advised that parents of young children with the allergy keep liquid charcoal — available in pharmacies — in the home, in case of accidental ingestion.

]]> http://www.fitnesslines.com/health-tips/what-is-allergy-diffrent-kinds-and-its-prevention-tips/feed/ 1